Digital Library

Vol. 13, No. 1, Feb. 2017  

1. [EDITORIAL] Advanced Communications and Artificial Intelligence, and Introduction of the JIPS AWARD 2016
   Jong Hyuk Park
   Vol. 13, No. 1, pp. 1-7, Feb. 2017  
   https://doi.org/10.3745/JIPS.00.0003
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   The Journal of Information Processing Systems (JIPS) is the official international journal published by the Korean Information Processing Society. As a leading and multidisciplinary journal, JIPS is indexed in ESCI, SCOPUS, EI COMPENDEX, DOI, DBLP, EBSCO, Google Scholar and CrossRef. Its purpose is to enable researchers and professionals to promote, share, and discuss all major research issues and developments in the field of information processing technologies and other related fields. JIPS publishes diverse papers, including theoretical research contributions presenting new techniques, concepts, or analyses; experience reports; experiments involving the implementation and application of new theories; and tutorials on state-of-the-art technologies related to information processing systems. The subjects covered by this journal include, but are not limited to, topics related to computer systems and theories, multimedia systems and graphics, communication systems and security, and software systems and applications.


2. A Survey of Multimodal Systems and Techniques for Motor Learning
   Ramin Tadayon, Troy McDaniel, Sethuraman Panchanathan
   Vol. 13, No. 1, pp. 8-25, Feb. 2017  
   https://doi.org/10.3745/JIPS.02.0051
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   Keywords: Augmented Motor Learning and Training, Multimodal Systems and Feedback, Rehabilitative Technologies
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   This survey paper explores the application of multimodal feedback in automated systems for motor learning. In this paper, we review the findings shown in recent studies in this field using rehabilitation and various motor training scenarios as context. We discuss popular feedback delivery and sensing mechanisms for motion capture and processing in terms of requirements, benefits, and limitations. The selection of modalities is presented via our having reviewed the best-practice approaches for each modality relative to motor task complexity with example implementations in recent work. We summarize the advantages and disadvantages of several approaches for integrating modalities in terms of fusion and frequency of feedback during motor tasks. Finally, we review the limitations of perceptual bandwidth and provide an evaluation of the information transfer for each modality.


3. Efficient Implementation of the MQTT Protocol for Embedded Systems
   Olivier Deschambault, Abdelouahed Gherbi, Christian Le?gare?
   Vol. 13, No. 1, pp. 26-39, Feb. 2017  
   https://doi.org/10.3745/JIPS.04.0028
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   Keywords: embedded systems, Internet of Things, Message Queue Telemetry Transport, Quality of Service
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   The need for embedded devices to be able to exchange information with each other and with data centers is essential for the advent of the Internet of Things (IoT). Several existing communication protocols are designed for small devices including the message-queue telemetry transport (MQTT) protocol or the constrained application protocol (CoAP). However, most of the existing implementations are convenient for computers or smart phones but do not consider the strict constraints and limitations with regard resource usage, portability and configuration. In this paper, we report on an industrial research and development project which focuses on the design, implementation, testing and deployment of a MQTT module. The goal of this project is to develop this module for platforms having minimal RAM, flash code memory and processing power. This software module should be fully compliant with the MQTT protocol specification, portable, and inter-operable with other software stacks. In this paper, we present our approach based on abstraction layers to the design of the MQTT module and we discuss the compliance of the implementation with the requirements set including the MISRA static analysis requirements.


4. Adaptive Medical Image Compression Based on Lossy and Lossless Embedded Zerotree Methods
   Sid Ahmed Elhannachi, Nacéra Benamrane, Taleb-Ahmed Abdelmalik
   Vol. 13, No. 1, pp. 40-56, Feb. 2017  
   https://doi.org/10.3745/JIPS.02.0052
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   Keywords: LEZW, Medical Images, ROI, RDCT, SPIHT
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   Since the progress of digital medical imaging techniques, it has been needed to compress the variety of medical images. In medical imaging, reversible compression of image's region of interest (ROI) which is diagnostically relevant is considered essential. Then, improving the global compression rate of the image can also be obtained by separately coding the ROI part and the remaining image (called background). For this purpose, the present work proposes an efficient reversible discrete cosine transform (RDCT) based embedded image coder designed for lossless ROI coding in very high compression ratio. Motivated by the wavelet structure of DCT, the proposed rearranged structure is well coupled with a lossless embedded zerotree wavelet coder (LEZW), while the background is highly compressed using the set partitioning in hierarchical trees (SPIHT) technique. Results coding shows that the performance of the proposed new coder is much superior to that of various state-of-art still image compression methods.


5. An Intuitionistic Fuzzy Approach to Classify the User Based on an Assessment of the Learner’s Knowledge Level in E-Learning Decision-Making
   Mukta Goyal, Divakar Yadav, Alka Tripathi
   Vol. 13, No. 1, pp. 57-67, Feb. 2017  
   https://doi.org/10.3745/JIPS.04.0011
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   Keywords: Domain Model, E-learning, E-Learning Environment, Fuzzy Rules, Intuitionistic Fuzzy Set, User modeling
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   In this paper, Atanassov’s intuitionistic fuzzy set theory is used to handle the uncertainty of students’ knowledgeon domain concepts in an E-learning system. Their knowledge on these domain concepts has been collected from tests that were conducted during their learning phase. Atanassov’s intuitionistic fuzzy user model is proposed to deal with vagueness in the user’s knowledge description in domain concepts. The user model uses Atanassov’s intuitionistic fuzzy sets for knowledge representation and linguistic rules for updating the user model. The scores obtained by each student were collected in this model and the decision about the students’ knowledge acquisition for each concept whether completely learned, completely known, partially known or completely unknown were placed into the information table. Finally, it has been found that the proposed scheme is more appropriate than the fuzzy scheme.


6. Selective Encryption Algorithm Using Hybrid Transform for GIS Vector Map
   Bang Nguyen Van, Suk-Hwan Lee, Ki-Ryong Kwon
   Vol. 13, No. 1, pp. 68-82, Feb. 2017  
   https://doi.org/10.3745/JIPS.03.0059
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   Keywords: chaotic map, GIS Vector Map, Selective Encryption, Vector Map Security
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   Nowadays, geographic information system (GIS) is developed and implemented in many areas. A huge volume of vector map data has been accessed unlawfully by hackers, pirates, or unauthorized users. For this reason, we need the methods that help to protect GIS data for storage, multimedia applications, and transmission. In our paper, a selective encryption method is presented based on vertex randomization and hybrid transform in the GIS vector map. In the proposed algorithm, polylines and polygons are focused as the targets for encryption. Objects are classified in each layer, and all coordinates of the significant objects are encrypted by the key sets generated by using chaotic map before changing them in DWT, DFT domain. Experimental results verify the high efficiency visualization by low complexity, high security performance by random processes


7. Joint Estimation of Near-Field Source Parameters and Array Response
   Han Cui, Wenjuan Peng
   Vol. 13, No. 1, pp. 83-94, Feb. 2017  
   https://doi.org/10.3745/JIPS.03.0060
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   Keywords: Array Calibration, Gain/Phase Response, Near-Field Source Localization
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   Near-field source localization algorithms are very sensitive to sensor gain/phase response errors, and so it is important to calibrate the errors. We took into consideration the uniform linear array and are proposing a blind calibration algorithm that can estimate the directions-of-arrival and range parameters of incident signals and sensor gain/phase responses jointly, without the need for any reference source. They are estimated separately by using an iterative approach, but without the need for good initial guesses. The ambiguities in the estimations of 2-D electric angles and sensor gain/phase responses are also analyzed in this paper. We show that the ambiguities can be remedied by assuming that two sensor phase responses of the array have been previously calibrated. The behavior of the proposed method is illustrated through simulation experiments. The simulation results show that the convergent rate is fast and that the convergent precision is high


8. Feasibility and Performance Analysis of RDMA Transfer through PCI Express
   Min Choi, Jong Hyuk Park
   Vol. 13, No. 1, pp. 95-103, Feb. 2017  
   https://doi.org/10.3745/JIPS.01.0013
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   Keywords: Interconnection Network, Non-transparent Bridge, PCI Express, RDMA
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   The PCI Express is a widely used system bus technology that connects the processor and the peripheral I/O devices. The PCI Express is nowadays regarded as a de facto standard in system area interconnection network. It has good characteristics in terms of high-speed, low power. In addition, PCI Express is becoming popular interconnection network technology as like Gigabit Ethernet, InfiniBand, and Myrinet which are extensively used in high-performance computing. In this paper, we designed and implemented a evaluation platform for interconnect network using PCI Express between two computing nodes. We make use of the non-transparent bridge (NTB) technology of PCI Express in order to isolate between the two subsystems. We constructed a testbed system and evaluated the performance on the testbed.


9. Parallel and Sequential Implementation to Minimize the Time for Data Transmission Using Steiner Trees
   V. An, N. Sairam
   Vol. 13, No. 1, pp. 104-113, Feb. 2017  
   https://doi.org/10.3745/JIPS.03.0061
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   Keywords: Least-Cost Path, Non-terminal Nodes, Parallel, Sequential, Steiner Vertices, Terminals, Time Complexity
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   In this paper, we present an approach to transmit data from the source to the destination through a minimal path (least-cost path) in a computer network of n nodes. The motivation behind our approach is to address the problem of finding a minimal path between the source and destination. From the work we have studied, we found that a Steiner tree with bounded Steiner vertices offers a good solution. A novel algorithm to construct a Steiner tree with vertices and bounded Steiner vertices is proposed in this paper. The algorithm finds a path from each source to each destination at a minimum cost and minimum number of Steiner vertices. We propose both the sequential and parallel versions. We also conducted a comparative study of sequential and parallel versions based on time complexity, which proved that parallel implementation is more efficient than sequential.


10. Color Image Coding Based on Shape-Adaptive All Phase Biorthogonal Transform
    Xiaoyan Wang, Chengyou Wang, Xiao Zhou, Zhiqiang Yang
    Vol. 13, No. 1, pp. 114-127, Feb. 2017  
    https://doi.org/10.3745/JIPS.02.0053
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    Keywords: Color Image Coding, Shape-Adaptive All Phase Biorthogonal Transform (SA-APBT), Color Space Conversion, Chain Code
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    This paper proposes a color image coding algorithm based on shape-adaptive all phase biorthogonal transform (SA-APBT). This algorithm is implemented through four procedures: color space conversion, image segmentation, shape coding, and texture coding. Region-of-interest (ROI) and background area are obtained by image segmentation. Shape coding uses chain code. The texture coding of the ROI is prior to the background area. SA-APBT and uniform quantization are adopted in texture coding. Compared with the color image coding algorithm based on shape-adaptive discrete cosine transform (SA-DCT) at the same bit rates, experimental results on test color images reveal that the objective quality and subjective effects of the reconstructed images using the proposed algorithm are better, especially at low bit rates. Moreover, the complexity of the proposed algorithm is reduced because of uniform quantization


11. Self-Identification of Boundary’s Nodes in Wireless Sensor Networks
    Kouider Elouahed Moustafa, Haffaf Hafid
    Vol. 13, No. 1, pp. 128-140, Feb. 2017  
    https://doi.org/10.3745/JIPS.03.0062
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    Keywords: Boundary Recognition, Military Applications, Military Surveillance, Wireless Sensor Network
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    The wireless sensor networks (WSNs) became a very essential tool in borders and military zones surveillance, for this reason specific applications have been developed. Surveillance is usually accomplished through the deployment of nodes in a random way providing heterogeneous topologies. However, the process of the identification of all nodes located on the network’s outer edge is very long and energy-consuming. Before any other activities on such sensitive networks, we have to identify the border nodes by means of specific algorithms. In this paper, a solution is proposed to solve the problem of energy and time consumption in detecting border nodes by means of node selection. This mechanism is designed with several starter nodes in order to reduce time, number of exchanged packets and then, energy consumption. This method consists of three phases: the first one is to detect triggers which serve to start the mechanism of boundary nodes (BNs) detection, the second is to detect the whole border, and the third is to exclude each BN from the routing tables of all its neighbors so that it cannot be used for the routing.


12. Wireless Channel Identification Algorithm Based on Feature Extraction and BP Neural Network
    Dengao Li*, Gang Wu, Jumin Zhao, Wenhui Niu, Qi Liu
    Vol. 13, No. 1, pp. 141-151, Feb. 2017  
    https://doi.org/10.3745/JIPS.03.0063
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    Keywords: BP Neural Network, Channel Identification, feature extraction, Wireless Communication
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    Effective identification of wireless channel in different scenarios or regions can solve the problems of multipath interference in process of wireless communication. In this paper, different characteristics of wireless channel are extracted based on the arrival time and received signal strength, such as the number of multipath, time delay and delay spread, to establish the feature vector set of wireless channel which is used to train backpropagation (BP) neural network to identify different wireless channels. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can accurately identify different wireless channels, and the accuracy can reach 97.59%.


13. Secure Authentication Approach Based New Mobility Management Schemes for Mobile Communication
    Ghazli Abdelkader, Hadj Said Naima, Ali Pacha Adda
    Vol. 13, No. 1, pp. 152-173, Feb. 2017  
    https://doi.org/10.3745/JIPS.03.0064
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    Keywords: authentication, GSM, Location Update, Mobility Management, Paging, Security
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    Mobile phones are the most common communication devices in history. For this reason, the number of mobile subscribers will increase dramatically in the future. Therefore, the determining the location of a mobile station will become more and more difficult. The mobile station must be authenticated to inform the network of its current location even when the user switches it on or when its location is changed. The most basic weakness in the GSM authentication protocol is the unilateral authentication process where the customer is verified by the system, yet the system is not confirmed by the customer. This creates numerous security issues, including powerlessness against man-in-the-middle attacks, vast bandwidth consumption between VLR and HLR, storage space overhead in VLR, and computation costs in VLR and HLR. In this paper, we propose a secure authentication mechanism based new mobility management method to improve the location management in the GSM network, which suffers from a lot off drawbacks, such as transmission cost and database overload. Numerical analysis is done for both conventional and modified versions and compared together. The numerical results show that our protocol scheme is more secure and that it reduces mobility management costs the most in the GSM network.


14. A Contour Descriptors-Based Generalized Scheme for Handwritten Odia Numerals Recognition
    Tusar Kanti Mishra, Banshidhar Majhi, Ratnakar Dash
    Vol. 13, No. 1, pp. 174-183, Feb. 2017  
    https://doi.org/10.3745/JIPS.02.0012
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    Keywords: Contour Features, Handwritten Character, Neural Classifier, Numeral Recognition, OCR, Odia
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    In this paper, we propose a novel feature for recognizing handwritten Odia numerals. By using polygonal approximation, each numeral is segmented into segments of equal pixel counts where the centroid of the character is kept as the origin. Three primitive contour features namely, distance (l), angle (?), and arc-to- chord ratio (r), are extracted from these segments. These features are used in a neural classifier so that the numerals are recognized. Other existing features are also considered for being recognized in the neural classifier, in order to perform a comparative analysis. We carried out a simulation on a large data set and conducted a comparative analysis with other features with respect to recognition accuracy and time requirements. Furthermore, we also applied the feature to the numeral recognition of two other languages— Bangla and English. In general, we observed that our proposed contour features outperform other schemes.


15. Block-VN: A Distributed Blockchain Based Vehicular Network Architecture in Smart City
    Pradip Kumar Sharma, Seo Yeon Moon, Jong Hyuk Park
    Vol. 13, No. 1, pp. 184-195, Feb. 2017  
    https://doi.org/10.3745/JIPS.03.0065
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    Keywords: Blockchain, Internet of Things, Security, Vehicular Network
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    In recent decades, the ad hoc network for vehicles has been a core network technology to provide comfort and security to drivers in vehicle environments. However, emerging applications and services require major changes in underlying network models and computing that require new road network planning. Meanwhile, blockchain widely known as one of the disruptive technologies has emerged in recent years, is experiencing rapid development and has the potential to revolutionize intelligent transport systems. Blockchain can be used to build an intelligent, secure, distributed and autonomous transport system. It allows better utilization of the infrastructure and resources of intelligent transport systems, particularly effective for crowdsourcing technology. In this paper, we proposes a vehicle network architecture based on blockchain in the smart city (Block-VN). Block-VN is a reliable and secure architecture that operates in a distributed way to build the new distributed transport management system. We are considering a new network system of vehicles, Block-VN, above them. In addition, we examine how the network of vehicles evolves with paradigms focused on networking and vehicular information. Finally, we discuss service scenarios and design principles for Block-VN.