A Gradient-Based Explanation Method for Node Classification Using Graph Convolutional Networks


Chaehyeon Kim, Hyewon Ryu, Ki Yong Lee, Journal of Information Processing Systems Vol. 19, No. 6, pp. 803-816, Dec. 2023  

https://doi.org/10.3745/JIPS.04.0295
Keywords: Explainable Artificial Intelligence, Graph Convolutional Network, Gradient-based Explanation
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Abstract

Explainable artificial intelligence is a method that explains how a complex model (e.g., a deep neural network) yields its output from a given input. Recently, graph-type data have been widely used in various fields, and diverse graph neural networks (GNNs) have been developed for graph-type data. However, methods to explain the behavior of GNNs have not been studied much, and only a limited understanding of GNNs is currently available. Therefore, in this paper, we propose an explanation method for node classification using graph convolutional networks (GCNs), which is a representative type of GNN. The proposed method finds out which features of each node have the greatest influence on the classification of that node using GCN. The proposed method identifies influential features by backtracking the layers of the GCN from the output layer to the input layer using the gradients. The experimental results on both synthetic and real datasets demonstrate that the proposed explanation method accurately identifies the features of each node that have the greatest influence on its classification.


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Cite this article
[APA Style]
Kim, C., Ryu, H., & Lee, K. (2023). A Gradient-Based Explanation Method for Node Classification Using Graph Convolutional Networks. Journal of Information Processing Systems, 19(6), 803-816. DOI: 10.3745/JIPS.04.0295.

[IEEE Style]
C. Kim, H. Ryu, K. Y. Lee, "A Gradient-Based Explanation Method for Node Classification Using Graph Convolutional Networks," Journal of Information Processing Systems, vol. 19, no. 6, pp. 803-816, 2023. DOI: 10.3745/JIPS.04.0295.

[ACM Style]
Chaehyeon Kim, Hyewon Ryu, and Ki Yong Lee. 2023. A Gradient-Based Explanation Method for Node Classification Using Graph Convolutional Networks. Journal of Information Processing Systems, 19, 6, (2023), 803-816. DOI: 10.3745/JIPS.04.0295.