Journal of Information Processing Systems
The Journal of Information Processing Systems (JIPS) is the official international journal of the Korea Information Processing Society. As information processing systems are progressing at a rapid pace, the Korea Information Processing Society is committed to providing researchers and other professionals with the academic information and resources they need to keep abreast with ongoing developments. The JIPS aims to be a premier source that enables researchers and professionals all over the world to promote, share, and discuss all major research issues and developments in the field of information processing systems and other related fields.
ISSN: 1976-913X (Print), ISSN: 2092-805X (Online)
[Jan. 01, 2018] Since January 01, 2018, the JIPS has started to manage the three manuscript tracks; 1) Regular Track, 2) Fast Track, and 3) Future Topic Track. Please refer to the details on the author information page.
[Dec. 29, 2017] We have selected the papers of 2017 JIPS survey paper awards. Please refer to here for details.
[Dec. 12, 2016] Call for papers about Special sections scheduled in 2017 are registered. Please refer to here for details.
[Aug. 1, 2016] Since August 2016, the JIPS has been indexed in "Emerging Sources Citation Index (ESCI)", a new Web of Science index managed by Thomson Reuters, launched in late 2015 for journals that have passed an initial evaluation for inclusion in SCI/SCIE/AHCI/SSCI indexes. Indexing in the ESCI will improve the visibility of the JIPS and provide a mark of quality. This achievement is good for all authors of the JIPS. For more information about ESCI, please see the ESCI fact sheet file.
Latest Publications
Journal of Information Processing Systems, Vol. 14, No.1, 2018
Jong Hyuk Park
Page: 1~5, Vol. 14, No.1, 2018
10.3745/JIPS.00.0009
Keywords:
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The Journal of Information Processing Systems (JIPS) publishes a wide range of topics related to a wide variety of advanced information and communication technologies, including systems, networks, architectures, algorithms, applications, and security. As the official international journal published by the Korea Information Processing Society, JIPS is the world's leading academic journal indexed by ESCI, SCOPUS, EI COMPENDEX, DOI, DBLP, EBSCO, Google Scholar, and CrossRef. The purpose of JIPS is to provide an outstanding, influential forum where researchers and experts gather to promote, share, and discuss crucial research issues and developments. The published theoretical and practical articles contribute to the relevant research area by presenting cutting-edge techniques related to information processing including new theories, approaches, concepts, analysis, functional experience reports, implementations, and applications. Topics covered in this journal include, but are not limited to, computer systems and theory, multimedia systems and graphics, communication systems and security, software systems, and applications.
A Survey on Passive Image Copy-Move Forgery Detection
Zhi Zhang, Chengyou Wang and Xiao Zhou
Page: 6~31, Vol. 14, No.1, 2018
10.3745/JIPS.02.0078
Keywords: Copy-Move Forgery Detection (CMFD), Image Forensics, Image Tamper Detection, Passive Forgery Detection
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With the rapid development of the science and technology, it has been becoming more and more convenient to obtain abundant information via the diverse multimedia medium. However, the contents of the multimedia are easily altered with different editing software, and the authenticity and the integrity of multimedia content are under threat. Forensics technology is developed to solve this problem. We focus on reviewing the blind image forensics technologies for copy-move forgery in this survey. Copy-move forgery is one of the most common manners to manipulate images that usually obscure the objects by flat regions or append the objects within the same image. In this paper, two classical models of copy-move forgery are reviewed, and two frameworks of copy-move forgery detection (CMFD) methods are summarized. Then, massive CMFD methods are mainly divided into two types to retrospect the development process of CMFD technologies, including block-based and keypoint-based. Besides, the performance evaluation criterions and the datasets created for evaluating the performance of CMFD methods are also collected in this review. At last, future research directions and conclusions are given to provide beneficial advice for researchers in this field.
A Comparative Analysis of Music Similarity Measures in Music Information Retrieval Systems
Kuldeep Gurjar and Yang-Sae Moon
Page: 32~55, Vol. 14, No.1, 2018
10.3745/JIPS.04.0054
Keywords: Content-Based Music Retrieval, MIR System, Music Information Retrieval Survey, Music Similarity Measures
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The digitization of music has seen a considerable increase in audience size from a few localized listeners to a wider range of global listeners. At the same time, the digitization brings the challenge of smoothly retrieving music from large databases. To deal with this challenge, many systems which support the smooth retrieval of musical data have been developed. At the computational level, a query music piece is compared with the rest of the music pieces in the database. These systems, music information retrieval (MIR systems), work for various applications such as general music retrieval, plagiarism detection, music recommendation, and musicology. This paper mainly addresses two parts of the MIR research area. First, it presents a general overview of MIR, which will examine the history of MIR, the functionality of MIR, application areas of MIR, and the components of MIR. Second, we will investigate music similarity measurement methods, where we provide a comparative analysis of state of the art methods. The scope of this paper focuses on comparative analysis of the accuracy and efficiency of a few key MIR systems. These analyses help in understanding the current and future challenges associated with the field of MIR systems and music similarity measures
Black Hole along with Other Attacks in MANETs: A Survey
Fan-Hsun Tseng, Hua-Pei Chiang and Han-Chieh Chao
Page: 56~78, Vol. 14, No.1, 2018
10.3745/JIPS.03.0090
Keywords: Collaborative Black Hole Attack, Flooding Attack, Mobile Ad Hoc Network, Non-cooperative Black Hole Attack, Wormhole Attack
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Security issue in mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a promising research. In 2011, we had accomplished a survey of black hole attacks in MANETs. However network technology is changing with each passing day, a vast number of novel schemes and papers have been proposed and published in recent years. In this paper, we survey the literature on malicious attacks in MANETs published during past 5 years, especially the black hole attack. Black hole attacks are classified into non-cooperative and collaborative black hole attacks. Except black hole attacks, other attacks in MANET are also studied, e.g., wormhole and flooding attacks. In addition, we conceive the open issues and future trends of black hole detection and prevention in MANETs based on the survey results of this paper. We summarize these detection schemes with three systematic comparison tables of non-cooperative black hole, collaborative black hole and other attacks, respectively, for a comprehensive survey of attacks in MANETs
A Survey on Automatic Twitter Event Summarization
Dwijen Rudrapal, Amitava Das and Baby Bhattacharya
Page: 79~100, Vol. 14, No.1, 2018
10.3745/JIPS.02.0079
Keywords: ROUGE, Social Media Text, Tweet Stream, Tweet Summarization
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Twitter is one of the most popular social platforms for online users to share trendy information and views on any event. Twitter reports an event faster than any other medium and contains enormous information and views regarding an event. Consequently, Twitter topic summarization is one of the most convenient ways to get instant gist of any event. However, the information shared on Twitter is often full of nonstandard abbreviations, acronyms, out of vocabulary (OOV) words and with grammatical mistakes which create challenges to find reliable and useful information related to any event. Undoubtedly, Twitter event summarization is a challenging task where traditional text summarization methods do not work well. In last decade, various research works introduced different approaches for automatic Twitter topic summarization. The main aim of this survey work is to make a broad overview of promising summarization approaches on a Twitter topic. We also focus on automatic evaluation of summarization techniques by surveying recent evaluation methodologies. At the end of the survey, we emphasize on both current and future research challenges in this domain through a level of depth analysis of the most recent summarization approaches.
A Survey about Consensus Algorithms Used in Blockchain
Giang-Truong Nguyen and Kyungbaek Kim
Page: 101~128, Vol. 14, No.1, 2018
10.3745/JIPS.01.0024
Keywords: Blockchain, Consensus Algorithm
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Thanks to its potential in many applications, Blockchain has recently been nominated as one of the technologies exciting intense attention. Blockchain has solved the problem of changing the original low-trust centralized ledger held by a single third-party, to a high-trust decentralized form held by different entities, or in other words, verifying nodes. The key contribution of the work of Blockchain is the consensus algorithm, which decides how agreement is made to append a new block between all nodes in the verifying network. Blockchain algorithms can be categorized into two main groups. The first group is proof-based consensus, which requires the nodes joining the verifying network to show that they are more qualified than the others to do the appending work. The second group is voting-based consensus, which requires nodes in the network to exchange their results of verifying a new block or transaction, before making the final decision. In this paper, we present a review of the Blockchain consensus algorithms that have been researched and that are being applied in some well-known applications at this time
Crowdsourcing Software Development: Task Assignment Using PDDL Artificial Intelligence Planning
Muhammad Zahid Tunio, Haiyong Luo, Cong Wang and Fang Zhao
Page: 129~139, Vol. 14, No.1, 2018
10.3745/JIPS.04.0055
Keywords: AI, Crowdsourcing, Personality, Planning Language, Software Development, Task
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The crowdsourcing software development (CSD) is growing rapidly in the open call format in a competitive environment. In CSD, tasks are posted on a web-based CSD platform for CSD workers to compete for the task and win rewards. Task searching and assigning are very important aspects of the CSD environment because tasks posted on different platforms are in hundreds. To search and evaluate a thousand submissions on the platform are very difficult and time-consuming process for both the developer and platform. However, there are many other problems that are affecting CSD quality and reliability of CSD workers to assign the task which include the required knowledge, large participation, time complexity and incentive motivations. In order to attract the right person for the right task, the execution of action plans will help the CSD platform as well the CSD worker for the best matching with their tasks. This study formalized the task assignment method by utilizing different situations in a CSD competition-based environment in artificial intelligence (AI) planning. The results from this study suggested that assigning the task has many challenges whenever there are undefined conditions, especially in a competitive environment. Our main focus is to evaluate the AI automated planning to provide the best possible solution to matching the CSD worker with their personality type
A Development of LDA Topic Association Systems Based on Spark-Hadoop Framework
Kiejin Park and Limei Peng
Page: 140~149, Vol. 14, No.1, 2018
10.3745/JIPS.04.0057
Keywords: Association Analysis, Hadoop, LDA (Latent Dirichlet Allocation), Spark, Topic Model
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Social data such as users’ comments are unstructured in nature and up-to-date technologies for analyzing such data are constrained by the available storage space and processing time when fast storing and processing is required. On the other hand, it is even difficult in using a huge amount of dynamically generated social data to analyze the user features in a high speed. To solve this problem, we design and implement a topic association analysis system based on the latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) model. The LDA does not require the training process and thus can analyze the social users’ hourly interests on different topics in an easy way. The proposed system is constructed based on the Spark framework that is located on top of Hadoop cluster. It is advantageous of high-speed processing owing to that minimized access to hard disk is required and all the intermediately generated data are processed in the main memory. In the performance evaluation, it requires about 5 hours to analyze the topics for about 1 TB test social data (SNS comments). Moreover, through analyzing the association among topics, we can track the hourly change of social users’ interests on different topics.
DeepAct: A Deep Neural Network Model for Activity Detection in Untrimmed Videos
Yeongtaek Song and Incheol Kim
Page: 150~161, Vol. 14, No.1, 2018
10.3745/JIPS.04.0059
Keywords: Activity Detection, Bi-directional LSTM, Deep Neural Networks, Untrimmed Video
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We propose a novel deep neural network model for detecting human activities in untrimmed videos. The process of human activity detection in a video involves two steps: a step to extract features that are effective in recognizing human activities in a long untrimmed video, followed by a step to detect human activities from those extracted features. To extract the rich features from video segments that could express unique patterns for each activity, we employ two different convolutional neural network models, C3D and I-ResNet. For detecting human activities from the sequence of extracted feature vectors, we use BLSTM, a bi-directional recurrent neural network model. By conducting experiments with ActivityNet 200, a large-scale benchmark dataset, we show the high performance of the proposed DeepAct model.
A Deep Belief Network for Electricity Utilisation Feature Analysis of Air Conditioners Using a Smart IoT Platform
Wei Song, Ning Feng, Yifei Tian, Simon Fong and Kyungeun Cho
Page: 162~175, Vol. 14, No.1, 2018
10.3745/JIPS.04.0056
Keywords: Cloud Computing, Deep Belief Network, IoT, Power Conservation, Smart Metre
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Currently, electricity consumption and feedback mechanisms are being widely researched in Internet of Things (IoT) areas to realise power consumption monitoring and management through the remote control of appliances. This paper aims to develop a smart electricity utilisation IoT platform with a deep belief network for electricity utilisation feature modelling. In the end node of electricity utilisation, a smart monitoring and control module is developed for automatically operating air conditioners with a gateway, which connects and controls the appliances through an embedded ZigBee solution. To collect electricity consumption data, a programmable smart IoT gateway is developed to connect an IoT cloud server of smart electricity utilisation via the Internet and report the operational parameters and working states. The cloud platform manages the behaviour planning functions of the energy-saving strategies based on the power consumption features analysed by a deep belief network algorithm, which enables the automatic classification of the electricity utilisation situation. Besides increasing the user’s comfort and improving the user’s experience, the established feature models provide reliable information and effective control suggestions for power reduction by refining the air conditioner operation habits of each house. In addition, several data visualisation technologies are utilised to present the power consumption datasets intuitively
Convolutional Neural Network Based Multi-feature Fusion for Non-rigid 3D Model Retrieval
Hui Zeng, Yanrong Liu, Siqi Li, JianYong Che and Xiuqing Wang
Page: 176~190, Vol. 14, No.1, 2018
10.3745/JIPS.04.0058
Keywords: Convolutional Neural Network, HKS, Multi-Feature Fusion, Non-rigid 3D Model, WKS
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This paper presents a novel convolutional neural network based multi-feature fusion learning method for nonrigid 3D model retrieval, which can investigate the useful discriminative information of the heat kernel signature (HKS) descriptor and the wave kernel signature (WKS) descriptor. At first, we compute the 2D shape distributions of the two kinds of descriptors to represent the 3D model and use them as the input to the networks. Then we construct two convolutional neural networks for the HKS distribution and the WKS distribution separately, and use the multi-feature fusion layer to connect them. The fusion layer not only can exploit more discriminative characteristics of the two descriptors, but also can complement the correlated information between the two kinds of descriptors. Furthermore, to further improve the performance of the description ability, the cross-connected layer is built to combine the low-level features with high-level features. Extensive experiments have validated the effectiveness of the designed multi-feature fusion learning method
Face Recognition Based on the Combination of Enhanced Local Texture Feature and DBN under Complex Illumination Conditions
Chen Li, Shuai Zhao, Ke Xiao and Yanjie Wang
Page: 191~204, Vol. 14, No.1, 2018
10.3745/JIPS.04.0060
Keywords: Deep Belief Network, Enhanced Local Texture Feature, Face Recognition, Illumination Variation
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To combat the adverse impact imposed by illumination variation in the face recognition process, an effective and feasible algorithm is proposed in this paper. Firstly, an enhanced local texture feature is presented by applying the central symmetric encode principle on the fused component images acquired from the wavelet decomposition. Then the proposed local texture features are combined with Deep Belief Network (DBN) to gain robust deep features of face images under severe illumination conditions. Abundant experiments with different test schemes are conducted on both CMU-PIE and Extended Yale-B databases which contain face images under various illumination condition. Compared with the DBN, LBP combined with DBN and CSLBP combined with DBN, our proposed method achieves the most satisfying recognition rate regardless of the database used, the test scheme adopted or the illumination condition encountered, especially for the face recognition under severe illumination variation.
Variations of AlexNet and GoogLeNet to Improve Korean Character Recognition Performance
Sang-Geol Lee, Yunsick Sung, Yeon-Gyu Kim and Eui-Young Cha
Page: 205~217, Vol. 14, No.1, 2018
10.3745/JIPS.04.0061
Keywords: Classification, CNN, Deep Learning, Korean Character Recognition
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Deep learning using convolutional neural networks (CNNs) is being studied in various fields of image recognition and these studies show excellent performance. In this paper, we compare the performance of CNN architectures, KCR-AlexNet and KCR-GoogLeNet. The experimental data used in this paper is obtained from PHD08, a large-scale Korean character database. It has 2,187 samples of each Korean character with 2,350 Korean character classes for a total of 5,139,450 data samples. In the training results, KCR-AlexNet showed an accuracy of over 98% for the top-1 test and KCR-GoogLeNet showed an accuracy of over 99% for the top-1 test after the final training iteration. We made an additional Korean character dataset with fonts that were not in PHD08 to compare the classification success rate with commercial optical character recognition (OCR) programs and ensure the objectivity of the experiment. While the commercial OCR programs showed 66.95% to 83.16% classification success rates, KCR-AlexNet and KCR-GoogLeNet showed average classification success rates of 90.12% and 89.14%, respectively, which are higher than the commercial OCR programs’ rates. Considering the time factor, KCR-AlexNet was faster than KCR-GoogLeNet when they were trained using PHD08; otherwise, KCR-GoogLeNet had a faster classification speed.
Vocal Effort Detection Based on Spectral Information Entropy Feature and Model Fusion
Hao Chao, Bao-Yun Lu, Yong-Li Liu and Hui-Lai Zhi
Page: 218~227, Vol. 14, No.1, 2018
10.3745/JIPS.04.0063
Keywords: Gaussian Mixture Model, Model Fusion, Multilayer Perceptron, Spectral Information Entropy, Support Vector Machine, Vocal Effort
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Vocal effort detection is important for both robust speech recognition and speaker recognition. In this paper, the spectral information entropy feature which contains more salient information regarding the vocal effort level is firstly proposed. Then, the model fusion method based on complementary model is presented to recognize vocal effort level. Experiments are conducted on isolated words test set, and the results show the spectral information entropy has the best performance among the three kinds of features. Meanwhile, the recognition accuracy of all vocal effort levels reaches 81.6%. Thus, potential of the proposed method is demonstrated
Efficient Flow Table Management Scheme in SDN-Based Cloud Computing Networks
Nambong Ha and Namgi Kim
Page: 228~238, Vol. 14, No.1, 2018
10.3745/JIPS.01.0023
Keywords: Cloud Computing Network, Cloud Service, Flow Table, SDN
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With the rapid advancement of Internet services, there has been a dramatic increase in services that dynamically provide Internet resources on demand, such as cloud computing. In a cloud computing service, because the number of users in the cloud is changing dynamically, it is more efficient to utilize a flexible network technology such as software-defined networking (SDN). However, to efficiently support the SDNbased cloud computing service with limited resources, it is important to effectively manage the flow table at the SDN switch. Therefore, in this paper, a new flow management scheme is proposed that is able to, through efficient management, speed up the flow-entry search speed and simultaneously maximize the number of flow entries. The proposed scheme maximizes the capacity of the flow table by efficiently storing flow entry information while quickly executing the operation of flow-entry search by employing a hash index. In this paper, the proposed scheme is implemented by modifying the actual software SDN switch and then, its performance is analyzed. The results of the analysis show that the proposed scheme, by managing the flow tables efficiently, can support more flow entries
Study of Danger-Theory-Based Intrusion Detection Technology in Virtual Machines of Cloud Computing Environment
Ruirui Zhang and Xin Xiao
Page: 239~251, Vol. 14, No.1, 2018
10.3745/JIPS.03.0089
Keywords: Artificial Immune, Cloud Computing, Danger Theory, Intrusion Detection, Virtual Machine
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In existing cloud services, information security and privacy concerns have been worried, and have become one of the major factors that hinder the popularization and promotion of cloud computing. As the cloud computing infrastructure, the security of virtual machine systems is very important. This paper presents an immune-inspired intrusion detection model in virtual machines of cloud computing environment, denoted IVMIDS, to ensure the safety of user-level applications in client virtual machines. The model extracts system call sequences of programs, abstracts them into antigens, fuses environmental information of client virtual machines into danger signals, and implements intrusion detection by immune mechanisms. The model is capable of detecting attacks on processes which are statically tampered, and is able to detect attacks on processes which are dynamically running. Therefore, the model supports high real time. During the detection process, the model introduces information monitoring mechanism to supervise intrusion detection program, which ensures the authenticity of the test data. Experimental results show that the model does not bring much spending to the virtual machine system, and achieves good detection performance. It is feasible to apply IVMIDS to the cloud computing platform.
Impediments to the Integration of ICT in Public Schools of Contemporary Societies: A Review of Literature
Shafaq Salam, Jianqiu Zeng, Zulfiqar Hussain Pathan, Zahid Latif and Aliya Shaheen
Page: 252~269, Vol. 14, No.1, 2018
10.3745/JIPS.04.0062
Keywords: Extrinsic & Intrinsic Impediments, ICT Integration, Public Schools, Software Education Reform
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The era of information technologies has stimulated the demand of educational reform based on the use of information and communication technology (ICT). It requires explicit guidelines, vibrant objectives, mobilization of resources and political commitment at all levels of the country to achieve the desired results. However, change is not easy, it requires to overcome the impediments that hinder the successful integration of ICT in public schools. The pace of this reform is active in developed countries, while developing countries are lagging behind in achieving the required goals. The foremost purpose of this study is to highlight the barriers in the effective integration of ICT faced by developed countries in general and developing countries in particular. Reviewing the impediments to the integration of ICT in public schools may assist educators to become technology adopters in the future. Findings of the study reveal that intrinsic barriers are easy to surmount; once extrinsic barriers have been subdued successfully.
Implementation of Multipurpose PCI Express Adapter Cards with On-Board Optical Module
Kyungmo Koo, Junglok Yu, Sangwan Kim, Min Choi and Kwangho Cha
Page: 270~279, Vol. 14, No.1, 2018
10.3745/JIPS.01.0022
Keywords: Device Network, Interconnection Network, On-Board Optical Module, PCI Express Bus
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PCI Express (PCIe) bus, which was only used as an internal I/O bus of a computer system, has expanded its function to outside of a system, with progress of PCIe switching processor. In particular, advanced features of PCIe switching processor enable PCIe bus to serve as an interconnection network as well as connecting external devices. As PCIe switching processors more advanced, it is required to consider the different adapter card architecture. This study developed multipurpose adapter cards by applying an on-board optical module, a latest optical communications element, in order to improve transfer distance and utilization. The performance evaluation confirmed that the new adapter cards with long cable can provide the same bandwidth as that of the existing adapter cards with short copper cable.
Featured Papers
Survey on 3D Surface ReconstructionAlireza Khatamian and Hamid R. Arabnia
Pages: 338~357, Vol. 12, No.3, 2016
10.3745/JIPS.01.0010
Keywords: Explicit Surfaces, Implicit Surfaces, Point Cloud, Surface Reconstruction
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The recent advent of increasingly affordable and powerful 3D scanning devices capable of capturing high resolution range data about real-world objects and environments has fueled research into effective 3D surface reconstruction techniques for rendering the raw point cloud data produced by many of these devices into a form that would make it usable in a variety of application domains. This paper, therefore, provides an overview of the existing literature on surface reconstruction from 3D point clouds. It explains some of the basic surface reconstruction concepts, describes the various factors used to evaluate surface reconstruction methods, highlights some commonly encountered issues in dealing with the raw 3D point cloud data and delineates the tradeoffs between data resolution/accuracy and processing speed. It also categorizes the various techniques for this task and briefly analyzes their empirical evaluation results demarcating their advantages and disadvantages. The paper concludes with a cross-comparison of methods which have been evaluated on the same benchmark data sets along with a discussion of the overall trends reported in the literature. The objective is to provide an overview of the state of the art on surface reconstruction from point cloud data in order to facilitate and inspire further research in this area.
A Comprehensive Review of Emerging Computational Methods for Gene Identification
Ning Yu, Zeng Yu, Bing Li, Feng Gu and Yi Pan
Pages: 1~34, Vol. 12, No.1, 2016
10.3745/JIPS.04.0023
Keywords: Cloud Computing, Comparative Methods, Deep Learning, Fourier Transform, Gene Identification, Gene Prediction, Hidden Markov Model, Machine Learning, Protein-Coding Region, Support Vector Machine
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Gene identification is at the center of genomic studies. Although the first phase of the Encyclopedia of DNA Elements (ENCODE) project has been claimed to be complete, the annotation of the functional elements is far from being so. Computational methods in gene identification continue to play important roles in this area and other relevant issues. So far, a lot of work has been performed on this area, and a plethora of computational methods and avenues have been developed. Many review papers have summarized these methods and other related work. However, most of them focus on the methodologies from a particular aspect or perspective. Different from these existing bodies of research, this paper aims to comprehensively summarize the mainstream computational methods in gene identification and tries to provide a short but concise technical reference for future studies. Moreover, this review sheds light on the emerging trends and cutting-edge techniques that are believed to be capable of leading the research on this field in the future.
On the Performance of Oracle Grid Engine Queuing System for Computing Intensive Applications
Vladi Kolici, Albert Herrero and Fatos Xhafa
Pages: 491~502, Vol. 10, No.4, 2014
10.3745/JIPS.01.0004
Keywords: Benchmarking, Cloud Computing, Computing Intensive Applications, Genetic Algorithms, Grid Computing, Oracle Grid Engine, Scheduling, Simulation
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In this paper we present some research results on computing intensive applications using modern high performance architectures and from the perspective of high computational needs. Computing intensive applications are an important family of applications in distributed computing domain. They have been object of study using different distributed computing paradigms and infrastructures. Such applications distinguish for their demanding needs for CPU computing, independently of the amount of data associated with the problem instance. Among computing intensive applications, there are applications based on simulations, aiming to maximize system resources for processing large computations for simulation. In this research work, we consider an application that simulates scheduling and resource allocation in a Grid computing system using Genetic Algorithms. In such application, a rather large number of simulations is needed to extract meaningful statistical results about the behavior of the simulation results. We study the performance of Oracle Grid Engine for such application running in a Cluster of high computing capacities. Several scenarios were generated to measure the response time and queuing time under different workloads and number of nodes in the cluster.
Training-Free Fuzzy Logic Based Human Activity Recognition
Eunju Kim and Sumi Helal
Pages: 335~354, Vol. 10, No.3, 2014
10.3745/JIPS.04.0005
Keywords: Activity Semantic Knowledge, Fuzzy Logic, Human Activity Recognition, Multi-Layer Neural Network
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The accuracy of training-based activity recognition depends on the training procedure and the extent to which the training dataset comprehensively represents the activity and its varieties. Additionally, training incurs substantial cost and effort in the process of collecting training data. To address these limitations, we have developed a training-free activity recognition approach based on a fuzzy logic algorithm that utilizes a generic activity model and an associated activity semantic knowledge. The approach is validated through experimentation with real activity datasets. Results show that the fuzzy logic based algorithms exhibit comparable or better accuracy than other trainingbased approaches.
Janus - Multi Source Event Detection and Collection System for Effective Surveillance of Criminal Activity
Cyrus Shahabi, Seon Ho Kim, Luciano Nocera, Giorgos Constantinou, Ying Lu, Yinghao Cai, Gérard Medioni, Ramakant Nevatia and Farnoush Banaei-Kashani
Pages: 1~22, Vol. 10, No.1, 2014
10.3745/JIPS.2014.10.1.001
Keywords: Multi-source, Multi-modal Event Detection, Law Enforcement, Criminal Activity, Surveillance, Security, Safety
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Recent technological advances provide the opportunity to use large amounts of multimedia data from a multitude of sensors with different modalities (e.g., video, text) for the detection and characterization of criminal activity. Their integration can compensate for sensor and modality deficiencies by using data from other available sensors and modalities. However, building such an integrated system at the scale of neighborhood and cities is challenging due to the large amount of data to be considered and the need to ensure a short response time to potential criminal activity. In this paper, we present a system that enables multi-modal data collection at scale and automates the detection of events of interest for the surveillance and reconnaissance of criminal activity. The proposed system showcases novel analytical tools that fuse multimedia data streams to automatically detect and identify specific criminal events and activities. More specifically, the system detects and analyzes series of incidents (an incident is an occurrence or artifact relevant to a criminal activity extracted from a single media stream) in the spatiotemporal domain to extract events (actual instances of criminal events) while cross-referencing multimodal media streams and incidents in time and space to provide a comprehensive view to a human operator while avoiding information overload. We present several case studies that demonstrate how the proposed system can provide law enforcement personnel with forensic and real time tools to identify and track potential criminal activity.
The Confinement Problem: 40 Years Later
Alex Crowell, Beng Heng Ng, Earlence Fernandes and Atul Prakash
Pages: 189~204, Vol. 9, No.2, 2013
10.3745/JIPS.2013.9.2.189
Keywords: Confinement Problem, Covert Channels, Virtualization, Isolation, Taint Tracking
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The confinement problem was first noted four decades ago. Since then, a huge amount of efforts have been spent on defining and mitigating the problem. The evolution of technologies from traditional operating systems to mobile and cloud computing brings about new security challenges. It is perhaps timely that we review the work that has been done. We discuss the foundational principles from classical works, as well as the efforts towards solving the confinement problem in three domains: operating systems, mobile computing, and cloud computing. While common issues exist across all three domains, unique challenges arise for each of them, which we discuss.
An Adaptive Approach to Learning the Preferences of Users in a Social Network Using Weak Estimators
B. John Oommen, Anis Yazidi and Ole-Christoffer Granmo
Pages: 191~212, Vol. 8, No.2, 2012
10.3745/JIPS.2012.8.2.191
Keywords: Weak es timators, User's Profiling, Time Varying Preferences
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Since a social network by definition is so diverse, the problem of estimating the preferences of its users is becoming increasingly essential for personalized applications, which range from service recommender systems to the targeted advertising of services. However, unlike traditional estimation problems where the underlying target distribution is stationary; estimating a user"'"s interests typically involves non-stationary distributions. The consequent time varying nature of the distribution to be tracked imposes stringent constraints on the "unlearning” capabilities of the estimator used. Therefore, resorting to strong estimators that converge with a probability of 1 is inefficient since they rely on the assumption that the distribution of the user"'"s preferences is stationary. In this vein, we propose to use a family of stochastic-learning based Weak estimators for learning and tracking a user"'"s time varying interests. Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed paradigm outperforms some of the traditional legacy approaches that represent the state-of-the-art technology.
Indoor Link Quality Comparison of IEEE 802.11a Channels in a Multi-radio Mesh Network Testbed
Asitha U Bandaranayake, Vaibhav Pandit and Dharma P. Agrawal
Pages: 1~20, Vol. 8, No.1, 2012
10.3745/JIPS.2012.8.1.001
Keywords: IEEE 802.11a, Indoor Test Bed, Link Quality, Wireless Mesh Networks
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The most important criterion for achieving the maximum performance in a wireless mesh network (WMN) is to limit the interference within the network. For this purpose, especially in a multi-radio network, the best option is to use non-overlapping channels among different radios within the same interference range. Previous works that have considered non-overlapping channels in IEEE 802.11a as the basis for performance optimization, have considered the link quality across all channels to be uniform. In this paper, we present a measurement-based study of link quality across all channels in an IEEE 802.11a-based indoor WMN test bed. Our results show that the generalized assumption of uniform performance across all channels does not hold good in practice for an indoor environment and signal quality depends on the geometry around the me routers.
A Survey of RFID Deployment and Security Issues
Amit Grover and Hal Berghel
Pages: 561~580, Vol. 7, No.4, 2011
10.3745/JIPS.2011.7.4.561
Keywords: RFID, RFID Standards, RFID Protocols, RFID Security, EPC structure, RFID Applications, RFID Classification
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This paper describes different aspects of a typical RFID implementation. Section 1 provides a brief overview of the concept of Automatic Identification and compares the use of different technologies while Section 2 describes the basic components of a typical RFID system. Section 3 and Section 4 deal with the detailed specifications of RFID transponders and RFID interrogators respectively. Section 5 highlights different RFID standards and protocols and Section 6 enumerates the wide variety of applications where RFID systems are known to have made a positive improvement. Section 7 deals with privacy issues concerning the use of RFIDs and Section 8 describes common RFID system vulnerabilities. Section 9 covers a variety of RFID security issues, followed by a detailed listing of countermeasures and precautions in Section 10.
The Principle of Justifiable Granularity and an Optimization of Information Granularity Allocation as Fundamentals of Granular Computing
Witold Pedrycz
Pages: 397~412, Vol. 7, No.3, 2011
10.3745/JIPS.2011.7.3.397
Keywords: Information Granularity, Principle of Justifiable Granularity, Knowledge Management, Optimal Granularity Allocation
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Granular Computing has emerged as a unified and coherent framework of designing, processing, and interpretation of information granules. Information granules are formalized within various frameworks such as sets (interval mathematics), fuzzy sets, rough sets, shadowed sets, probabilities (probability density functions), to name several the most visible approaches. In spite of the apparent diversity of the existing formalisms, there are some underlying commonalities articulated in terms of the fundamentals, algorithmic developments and ensuing application domains. In this study, we introduce two pivotal concepts: a principle of justifiable granularity and a method of an optimal information allocation where information granularity is regarded as an important design asset. We show that these two concepts are relevant to various formal setups of information granularity and offer constructs supporting the design of information granules and their processing. A suite of applied studies is focused on knowledge management in which case we identify several key categories of schemes present there.
CASPER: Congestion Aware Selection of Path with Efficient Routing in Multimedia Networks
Mohammad S. Obaidat, Sanjay K. Dhurandher and Khushboo Diwakar
Pages: 241~260, Vol. 7, No.2, 2011
10.3745/JIPS.2011.7.2.241
Keywords: Routing, Multimedia Networks, Congestion-aware Selection, MANET, CASPER, Performance Evaluation
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In earlier days, most of the data carried on communication networks was textual data requiring limited bandwidth. With the rise of multimedia and network technologies, the bandwidth requirements of data have increased considerably. If a network link at any time is not able to meet the minimum bandwidth requirement of data, data transmission at that path becomes difficult, which leads to network congestion. This causes delay in data transmission and might also lead to packet drops in the network. The retransmission of these lost packets would aggravate the situation and jam the network. In this paper, we aim at providing a solution to the problem of network congestion in mobile ad hoc networks [1, 2] by designing a protocol that performs routing intelligently and minimizes the delay in data transmission. Our Objective is to move the traffic away from the shortest path obtained by a suitable shortest path calculation algorithm to a less congested path so as to minimize the number of packet drops during data transmission and to avoid unnecessary delay. For this we have proposed a protocol named as Congestion Aware Selection Of Path With Efficient Routing (CASPER). Here, a router runs the shortest path algorithm after pruning those links that violate a given set of constraints. The proposed protocol has been compared with two link state protocols namely, OSPF [3, 4] and OLSR [5, 6, 7, 8].The results achieved show that our protocol performs better in terms of network throughput and transmission delay in case of bulky data transmission.
An Efficient Broadcast Technique for Vehicular Networks
Ai Hua Ho, Yao H. Ho, Kien A. Hua, Roy Villafane and Han-Chieh Chao
Pages: 221~240, Vol. 7, No.2, 2011
10.3745/JIPS.2011.7.2.221
Keywords: V2V Communication Protocols, Vehicular Network, Ad Hoc Network, Broadcast, Broadcasting Storm, Routing
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Vehicular networks are a promising application of mobile ad hoc networks. In this paper, we introduce an efficient broadcast technique, called CB-S (Cell Broadcast for Streets), for vehicular networks with occlusions such as skyscrapers. In this environment, the road network is fragmented into cells such that nodes in a cell can communicate with any node within a two cell distance. Each mobile node is equipped with a GPS (Global Positioning System) unit and a map of the cells. The cell map has information about the cells including their identifier and the coordinates of the upper-right and lower-left corner of each cell. CB-S has the following desirable property. Broadcast of a message is performed by rebroadcasting the message from every other cell in the terrain. This characteristic allows CB-S to achieve an efficient performance. Our simulation results indicate that messages always reach all nodes in the wireless network. This perfect coverage is achieved with minimal overhead. That is, CB-S uses a low number of nodes to disseminate the data packets as quickly as probabilistically possible. This efficiency gives it the advantage of low delay. To show these benefits, we give simulations results to compare CB-S with four other broadcast techniques. In practice, CB-S can be used for information dissemination, or to reduce the high cost of destination discovery in routing protocols. By also specify the radius of affected zone, CB-S is also more efficient when broadcast to a subset of the nodes is desirable.
Security Properties of Domain Extenders for Cryptographic Hash Functions
Elena Andreeva, Bart Mennink and Bart Preneel
Pages: 453~480, Vol. 6, No.4, 2010
10.3745/JIPS.2010.6.4.453
Keywords: Hash Functions, Domain Extenders, Security Properties
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Cryptographic hash functions reduce inputs of arbitrary or very large length to a short string of fixed length. All hash function designs start from a compression function with fixed length inputs. The compression function itself is designed from scratch, or derived from a block cipher or a permutation. The most common procedure to extend the domain of a compression function in order to obtain a hash function is a simple linear iteration; however, some variants use multiple iterations or a tree structure that allows for parallelism. This paper presents a survey of 17 extenders in the literature. It considers the natural question whether these preserve the security properties of the compression function, and more in particular collision resistance, second preimage resistance, preimage resistance and the pseudo-random oracle property.
Hiding Secret Data in an Image Using Codeword Imitation
Zhi-Hui Wang, Chin-Chen Chang and Pei-Yu Tsai
Pages: 435~452, Vol. 6, No.4, 2010
10.3745/JIPS.2010.6.4.435
Keywords: Data Hiding, Steganography, Vector Quantization
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This paper proposes a novel reversible data hiding scheme based on a Vector Quantization (VQ) codebook. The proposed scheme uses the principle component analysis (PCA) algorithm to sort the codebook and to find two similar codewords of an image block. According to the secret to be embedded and the difference between those two similar codewords, the original image block is transformed into a difference number table. Finally, this table is compressed by entropy coding and sent to the receiver. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed scheme can achieve greater hiding capacity, about five bits per index, with an acceptable bit rate. At the receiver end, after the compressed code has been decoded, the image can be recovered to a VQ compressed image.
DEESR: Dynamic Energy Efficient and Secure Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks in Urban Environments
Mohammad S. Obaidat, Sanjay K. Dhurandher, Deepank Gupta, Nidhi Gupta and Anupriya Asthana
Pages: 269~294, Vol. 6, No.3, 2010
10.3745/JIPS.2010.6.3.269
Keywords: Sensor Network, Security, Energy Efficiency, Routing, Dynamic Trust Factor
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The interconnection of mobile devices in urban environments can open up a lot of vistas for collaboration and content-based services. This will require setting up of a network in an urban environment which not only provides the necessary services to the user but also ensures that the network is secure and energy efficient. In this paper, we propose a secure, energy efficient dynamic routing protocol for heterogeneous wireless sensor networks in urban environments. A decision is made by every node based on various parameters like longevity, distance, battery power which measure the node and link quality to decide the next hop in the route. This ensures that the total load is distributed evenly while conserving the energy of battery-constrained nodes. The protocol also maintains a trusted population for each node through Dynamic Trust Factor (DTF) which ensures secure communication in the environment by gradually isolating the malicious nodes. The results obtained show that the proposed protocol when compared with another energy efficient protocol (MMBCR) and a widely accepted protocol (DSR) gives far better results in terms of energy efficiency. Similarly, it also outdoes a secure protocol (QDV) when it comes to detecting malicious nodes in the network.
Challenges to Next Generation Services in IP Multimedia Subsystem
Kai-Di Chang, Chi-Yuan Chen, Jiann-Liang Chen and Han-Chieh Chao
Pages: 129~146, Vol. 6, No.2, 2010
10.3745/JIPS.2010.6.2.129
Keywords: IP Multimedia Subsystems, Peer-to-Peer, Web Services, SCIM
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The trend of Next Generation Networks’ (NGN) evolution is towards providing multiple and multimedia services to users through ubiquitous networks. The aim of IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) is to integrate mobile communication networks and computer networks. The IMS plays an important role in NGN services, which can be achieved by heterogeneous networks and different access technologies. IMS can be used to manage all service related issues such as Quality of Service (QoS), Charging, Access Control, User and Services Management. Nowadays, internet technology is changing with each passing day. New technologies yield new impact to IMS. In this paper, we perform a survey of IMS and discuss the different impacts of new technologies on IMS such as P2P, SCIM, Web Service and its security issues.
TOSS: Telecom Operations Support Systems for Broadband Services
Yuan-Kai Chen, Chang-Ping Hsu, Chung-Hua Hu, Rong-Syh Lin, Yi-Bing Lin, Jian-Zhi Lyu, Wudy Wu and Heychyi Young
Pages: 1~20, Vol. 6, No.1, 2010
10.3745/JIPS.2010.6.1.001
Keywords: Operations Support System (OSS), New Generation Operations Systems and Software (NGOSS), enhanced Telecom Operations Map (eTOM), Internet Protocol Television (IPTV), IP-Virtual Private Network (IP-VPN)
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Due to the convergence of voice, data, and video, today’s telecom operators are facing the complexity of service and network management to offer differentiated value-added services that meet customer expectations. Without the operations support of well-developed Business Support System/Operations Support System (BSS/OSS), it is difficult to timely and effectively provide competitive services upon customer request. In this paper, a suite of NGOSS-based Telecom OSS (TOSS) is developed for the support of fulfillment and assurance operations of telecom services and IT services. Four OSS groups, TOSS-P (intelligent service provisioning), TOSS-N (integrated large-scale network management), TOSS-T (trouble handling and resolution), and TOSS-Q (end-to-end service quality management), are organized and integrated following the standard telecom operation processes (i.e., eTOM). We use IPTV and IP-VPN operation scenarios to show how these OSS groups co-work to support daily business operations with the benefits of cost reduction and revenue acceleration.
Providing Efficient Secured Mobile IPv6 by SAG and Robust Header Compression
Tin-Yu Wu, Han-Chieh Chao and Chi-Hsiang Lo
Pages: 117~130, Vol. 5, No.3, 2009
10.3745/JIPS.2009.5.3. 117
Keywords: SAG, RoHC, MIPv6, Handoff Latency, Early Binding Update
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By providing ubiquitous Internet connectivity, wireless networks offer more convenient ways for users to surf the Internet. However, wireless networks encounter more technological challenges than wired networks, such as bandwidth, security problems, and handoff latency. Thus, this paper proposes new technologies to solve these problems. First, a Security Access Gateway (SAG) is proposed to solve the security issue. Originally, mobile terminals were unable to process high security calculations because of their low calculating power. SAG not only offers high calculating power to encrypt the encryption demand of SAG¡¯s domain, but also helps mobile terminals to establish a multiple safety tunnel to maintain a secure domain. Second, Robust Header Compression (RoHC) technology is adopted to increase the utilization of bandwidth. Instead of Access Point (AP), Access Gateway (AG) is used to deal with the packet header compression and de-compression from the wireless end. AG¡¯s high calculating power is able to reduce the load on AP. In the original architecture, AP has to deal with a large number of demands by header compression/de-compression from mobile terminals. Eventually, wireless networks must offer users ¡°Mobility¡± and ¡°Roaming¡±. For wireless networks to achieve ¡°Mobility¡± and ¡°Roaming,¡± we can use Mobile IPv6 (MIPv6) technology. Nevertheless, such technology might cause latency. Furthermore, how the security tunnel and header compression established before the handoff can be used by mobile terminals handoff will be another great challenge. Thus, this paper proposes to solve the problem by using Early Binding Updates (EBU) and Security Access Gateway (SAG) to offer a complete mechanism with low latency, low handoff mechanism calculation, and high security.
A Survey of Face Recognition Techniques
Rabia Jafri and Hamid R Arabnia
Pages: 41~68, Vol. 5, No.2, 2009
10.3745/JIPS.2009.5.2.041
Keywords: Face Recognition, Person Identification, Biometrics
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Face recognition presents a challenging problem in the field of image analysis and computer vision, and as such has received a great deal of attention over the last few years because of its many applications in various domains. Face recognition techniques can be broadly divided into three categories based on the face data acquisition methodology: methods that operate on intensity images; those that deal with video sequences; and those that require other sensory data such as 3D information or infra-red imagery. In this paper, an overview of some of the well-known methods in each of these categories is provided and some of the benefits and drawbacks of the schemes mentioned therein are examined. Furthermore, a discussion outlining the incentive for using face recognition, the applications of this technology, and some of the difficulties plaguing current systems with regard to this task has also been provided. This paper also mentions some of the most recent algorithms developed for this purpose and attempts to give an idea of the state of the art of face recognition technology.
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